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Japanese CC-BY-SA-4.0 1% 1% 108 9,203 23,927 108 0 0 0
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Project website mtf.wiki
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Weblate repository https://weblate.project-trans.org/git/mtf-wiki/main/
File mask content/*/docs/medicine/hrt-overview.md
Monolingual base language file content/zh-cn/docs/medicine/hrt-overview.md
8 days ago

String statistics

Strings percent Hosted strings Words percent Hosted words Characters percent Hosted characters
Total 220 18,432 47,990
Source 110 9,216 23,995
Approved 1% 2 1% 13 1% 68
Waiting for review 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0
Translated 50% 112 50% 9,229 50% 24,063
Needs editing 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0
Read-only 50% 110 50% 9,216 50% 23,995
Failing checks 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0
Strings with suggestions 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0
Untranslated strings 49% 108 49% 9,203 49% 23,927
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Resource updated
The “content/ja/docs/medicine/hrt-overview.md” file was changed. 8 days ago
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可以看到，当雌二醇水平上升到并维持于 200 pg/mL 以上时，睾酮水平被抑制到顺性别女性参考范围内（55 ng/dL 以下）。而从上表可以得知，无论何种途径都需要很高剂量来达到 200 pg/mL 的目标[^7]；除注射剂以外，不仅成本飙升，使用上的不便也会越发显著。因此我们仅推荐将针剂用于雌二醇单药治疗。
 
8 days ago
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The “content/zh-cn/docs/medicine/hrt-overview.md” file was changed. 8 days ago
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String added in the repository
可以看到，当雌二醇水平上升到并维持于 200 pg/mL 以上时，睾酮水平被抑制到顺性别女性参考范围内（55 ng/dL 以下）。而从上表可以得知，无论何种途径都需要很高剂量来达到 200 pg/mL 的目标[^7]；除注射剂以外，不仅成本飙升，使用上的不便也会越发显著。因此我们仅推荐将针剂用于雌二醇单药治疗。
可以看到，当雌二醇水平上升到并维持于 200 pg/mL 以上时，睾酮水平被抑制到顺性别女性参考范围内（55 ng/dL 以下）。而从上表可以得知，无论何种途径都需要很高剂量来达到 200 pg/mL 的目标[^7]；除注射剂以外，不仅成本飙升，使用上的不便也会越发显著。因此我们仅推荐将针剂用于雌二醇单药治疗。
8 days ago
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[^1]: Thompson J, Hopwood R A, de Normand S, et al. Medical Care of Trans and Gender Diverse Adults [EB/OL]. *Fenway Health*, (2021-07-13). <https://www.lgbtqiahealtheducation.org/publication/medical-care-of-trans-and-gender-diverse-adults-2021/>
[^2]: Weinand J D, Safer J D. Hormone therapy in transgender adults is safe with provider supervision; A review of hormone therapy sequelae for transgender individuals [J]. *Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology*, 2015, 2(2): 55-60. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcte.2015.02.003>
[^3]: Stricker R, Eberhart R, Chevailler M, et al. Establishment of detailed reference values for luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, estradiol, and progesterone during different phases of the menstrual cycle on the Abbott ARCHITECT® analyzer [J]. *Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine*, 2006, 44(7): 883–887. <https://doi.org/10.1515/CCLM.2006.160>
[^4]: Coleman E, Radix A E, Bouman W P, et al. Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People, Version 8 [J]. *International Journal of Transgender Health*, 2022, *23*(Suppl 1): S1–S259. <https://doi.org/10.1080/26895269.2022.2100644>
[^5]: Aly. An Introduction to Hormone Therapy for Transfeminine People [EB/OL]. *Transfeminine Science*, 2018. <https://transfemscience.org/articles/transfem-intro/> 【[译文](https://tfsci.mtf.wiki/zh-cn/articles/transfem-intro/)】
[^6]: Esoterix/LabCorp. Endocrinology Expected Values and S.I. Unit Conversion Tables [EB/OL]. 2020. \[[PDF 文档](https://specialtytesting.labcorp.com/sites/default/files/2021-07/L5167-0421-18%20Endocrine%20Expected%20Values_0.pdf)]
[^7]: Aly. Approximate Comparable Dosages of Estradiol by Different Routes [EB/OL]. *Transfeminine Science*, 2020. <https://transfemscience.org/articles/e2-equivalent-doses/> 【[译文](https://tfsci.mtf.wiki/articles/e2-equivalent-doses/)】
[^8]: Jorgensen S C J. Transition Regret and Detransition: Meanings and Uncertainties [J]. *Archives of Sexual Behavior*, 2023, 52(5): 2173–2184. <https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-023-02626-2>
[^9]: Aly. An Informal Meta-Analysis of Estradiol Curves with Injectable Estradiol Preparations [EB/OL]. *Transfeminine Science*, 2021. <https://transfemscience.org/articles/injectable-e2-meta-analysis/> 【[译文](https://tfsci.mtf.wiki/zh-cn/articles/injectable-e2-meta-analysis/)】
[^10]: Aly. Bicalutamide and its Adoption by the Medical Community for Use in Transfeminine Hormone Therapy [EB/OL]. *Transfeminine Science*, 2020. <https://transfemscience.org/articles/bica-adoption/> 【[译文](https://tfsci.mtf.wiki/zh-cn/articles/bica-adoption/)】
[^11]: REX Medical Ltd. New Zealand Datasheet: SITERONE [EB/OL]. *Medsafe*, (2020-03-30). <https://www.medsafe.govt.nz/profs/datasheet/s/Siteronetab.pdf> 【[译文](https://tfsci.mtf.wiki/zh-cn/misc/siterone-nz/)】
[^12]: Ainsworth A J, Allyse M, Khan Z. Fertility Preservation for Transgender Individuals: A Review [J]. *Mayo Clinic Proceedings*, 2020, 95(4): 784-792. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.10.040>
[^13]: Adeleye A J, Reid G, Kao C N, et al. Semen Parameters Among Transgender Women With a History of Hormonal Treatment [J]. *Urology*, 2019, 124: 136-141. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2018.10.005>
[^14]: Aly. Estrogens and Their Influences on Coagulation and Risk of Blood Clots [EB/OL]. *Transfeminine Science*, 2020. <https://transfemscience.org/articles/estrogens-blood-clots/> 【[译文](https://tfsci.mtf.wiki/zh-cn/articles/estrogens-blood-clots/)】
[^15]: Nolan B J, & Cheung A S. Relationship Between Serum Estradiol Concentrations and Clinical Outcomes in Transgender Individuals Undergoing Feminizing Hormone Therapy: A Narrative Review [J]. *Transgender Health*, 2021, *6*(3): 125–131. <https://doi.org/10.1089/trgh.2020.0077>
[^16]: Novartis. ESTRADERM&reg; Prescribing Information & Patient Information [EB/OL]. *Drugs@FDA*, 2017. <https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/019081s042lbl.pdf> 【[译文](https://tfsci.mtf.wiki/zh-cn/misc/estraderm/)】
[^17]: Aly. Breast Cancer Risk with Hormone Therapy in Transfeminine People [EB/OL]. *Transfeminine Science*, 2020. <https://transfemscience.org/articles/breast-cancer/> 【[译文](https://tfsci.mtf.wiki/zh-cn/articles/breast-cancer/)】
[^18]: Cox L R, Crawford D E. Estrogens in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer [J]. *The Journal of Urology*, 1995, 154(6): 1991-1998. <https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)66670-9>
[^19]: Nishiyama T. Serum testosterone levels after medical or surgical androgen deprivation: A comprehensive review of the literature [J]. *Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations*, 2014, 32(1): 38.e17-38.e28. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urolonc.2013.03.007>
[^20]: Mitzi. Puberty Blockers: A Review of GnRH Analogues in Transgender Youth [EB/OL]. *Transfeminine Science*, 2022. <https://transfemscience.org/articles/puberty-blockers/> 【[译文](https://tfsci.mtf.wiki/zh-cn/articles/puberty-blockers/)】
[^21]: Aly. A Review of Studies on Spironolactone and Testosterone Suppression in Cisgender Men, Cisgender Women, and Transfeminine People [EB/OL]. *Transfeminine Science*, 2018. <https://transfemscience.org/articles/spiro-testosterone/> 【[译文](https://tfsci.mtf.wiki/zh-cn/articles/spiro-testosterone/)】
[^22]: Aly. Low Doses of Cyproterone Acetate Are Maximally Effective for Testosterone Suppression in Transfeminine People [EB/OL]. *Transfeminine Science*, 2019. <https://transfemscience.org/articles/cpa-dosage/> 【[译文](https://tfsci.mtf.wiki/zh-cn/articles/cpa-dosage/)】
[^23]: Aly. A Comprehensive Review of the Potential of Progestogens for Enhancing Breast Development in Transfeminine People [EB/OL]. *Transfeminine Science*, 2020. <https://transfemscience.org/articles/progestogens-breast-dev/> 【[译文](https://tfsci.mtf.wiki/zh-cn/articles/progestogens-breast-dev/)】
[^24]: Aly. Recent Developments on Cyproterone Acetate and Meningioma Risk Out of France and Implications for Transfeminine People [EB/OL]. *Transfeminine Science*, 2020. <https://transfemscience.org/articles/cpa-meningioma/> 【[译文](https://tfsci.mtf.wiki/zh-cn/articles/cpa-meningioma/)】
[^25]: Bahr C, Ewald J, Dragovich R, et al. Effects of progesterone on gender affirmation outcomes as part of feminizing hormone therapy [J]. *Journal of the American Pharmacists Association*, 2024, 64(1): 268-272. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2023.08.001>
[^26]: Sam. An Exploration of Sublingual Estradiol as an Alternative to Oral Estradiol in Transfeminine People [EB/OL]. *Transfeminine Science*, 2021. <https://transfemscience.org/articles/sublingual-e2-transfem/> 【[译文](https://tfsci.mtf.wiki/zh-cn/articles/sublingual-e2-transfem/)】
[^27]: Rueda C, Osorio A M, Avellaneda A C, et al. The efficacy and safety of estriol to treat vulvovaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women: a systematic literature review [J]. *Climacteric*, 2017, 20(4): 321–330. <https://doi.org/10.1080/13697137.2017.1329291>
[^28]: Takahashi K, Manabe A, Okada M, et al. Efficacy and safety of oral estriol for managing postmenopausal symptoms [J]. *Maturitas*, 2000, 34(2): 169-177. <https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-5122(99)00108-5>
[^29]: Holtorf K. The Bioidentical Hormone Debate: Are Bioidentical Hormones (Estradiol, Estriol, and Progesterone) Safer or More Efficacious than Commonly Used Synthetic Versions in Hormone Replacement Therapy? [J]. *Postgraduate Medicine*, 2009, 121(1): 73–85. <https://doi.org/10.3810/pgm.2009.01.1949>
[^30]: Stege R, Gunnarsson P O, Johansson C, et al. Pharmacokinetics and testosterone suppression of a single dose of polyestradiol phosphate (Estradurin®) in prostatic cancer patients [J]. *The Prostate*, 1996, 28(5): 307–310. <https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0045(199605)28%3A5%3C307%3A%3AAID-PROS6%3E3.0.CO%3B2-8>
[^31]: Aly. Oral Progesterone Achieves Very Low Levels of Progesterone and Has Only Weak Progestogenic Effects [EB/OL]. *Transfeminine Science*, 2018. <https://transfemscience.org/articles/oral-p4-low-levels/> 【[译文](https://tfsci.mtf.wiki/zh-cn/articles/oral-p4-low-levels/)】
[^32]: Kuhl H, Schneider H P G. Progesterone – promoter or inhibitor of breast cancer [J]. *Climacteric*, 2013, 16(Suppl 1): 54–68. <https://doi.org/10.3109/13697137.2013.768806>
[^33]: Zitzmann M, Rohayem J, Raidt J, et al. Impact of various progestins with or without transdermal testosterone on gonadotropin levels for non-invasive hormonal male contraception: a randomized clinical trial [J]. *Andrology*, 2017, 5(3): 516–526. <https://doi.org/10.1111/andr.12328>
[^34]: Fung R, Hellstern-Layefsky M, Lega I. Is a lower dose of cyproterone acetate as effective at testosterone suppression in transgender women as higher doses? [J]. *International Journal of Transgenderism*, 2017, 18(2): 123–128. <https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2017.1290566>
[^35]: Irwig M S. Is there a role for 5α‐reductase inhibitors in transgender individuals? [J]. *Andrology*, 2021, 9(6): 1729–1731. <https://doi.org/10.1111/andr.12881>
[^36]: Yang W, Hong T, Chang X, et al. The efficacy of and user satisfaction with different antiandrogens in Chinese transgender women [J]. *International Journal of Transgender Health*, 2024, 25(3): 471–482. <https://doi.org/10.1080/26895269.2024.2323514>
[^37]: Angus L M, Nolan B J, Zajac J D, et al. A systematic review of antiandrogens and feminization in transgender women [J]. *Clinical Endocrinology*, 2021, 94(5): 743–752. <https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.14329>
[^38]: AstraZeneca. CASODEX&reg; Prescribing Information [EB/OL]. *Drugs@FDA*, 2017. <https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/020498s028lbl.pdf> 【[译文](https://tfsci.mtf.wiki/zh-cn/misc/casodex/)】
[^39]: Neyman A, Fuqua J S, Eugster E A. Bicalutamide as an Androgen Blocker With Secondary Effect of Promoting Feminization in Male-to-Female Transgender Adolescents [J]. *Journal of Adolescent Health*, 2019, 64(4): 544-546. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.10.296>
[^40]: Pfizer. Prescribing Information: ALDACTONE&reg; [EB/OL]. *Drugs@FDA*, 2022. <https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2022/012151s079lbl.pdf> 【[译文](https://tfsci.mtf.wiki/zh-cn/misc/aldactone/)】
[^41]: Aly. Clinical Guidelines with Information on Transfeminine Hormone Therapy [EB/OL]. *Transfeminine Science*, 2020. <https://transfemscience.org/articles/transfem-hormone-guidelines/> 【[译文](https://tfsci.mtf.wiki/zh-cn/articles/transfem-hormone-guidelines/)】
[^42]: Aly. An Exploration of Possibilities for Hormone Therapy in Non-Binary Transfeminine People [EB/OL]. *Transfeminine Science*, 2019. <https://transfemscience.org/articles/nonbinary-transfem-overview/> 【[译文](https://tfsci.mtf.wiki/zh-cn/articles/nonbinary-transfem-overview/)】
[^43]: van Leerdam T R, Zajac J D, Cheung A S. The Effect of Gender-Affirming Hormones on Gender Dysphoria, Quality of Life, and Psychological Functioning in Transgender Individuals: A Systematic Review [J]. *Transgender Health*, 2023, 8(1): 6-21. <https://doi.org/10.1089/trgh.2020.0094>
[^44]: Eli Lilly and Company. EVISTA&reg; Prescribing Information [EB/OL]. *Drugs@FDA*, 2018. <https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2018/020815s034lbl.pdf> 【[译文](https://tfsci.mtf.wiki/zh-cn/misc/evista/)】
[^45]: Rost A, Schmidt-Gollwitzer M, Hantelmann W, et al. Cyproterone acetate, testosterone, LH, FSH, and prolactin levels in plasma after intramuscular application of cyproterone acetate in patients with prostatic cancer [J]. *The Prostate*, 1981, 2(3): 315-322. <https://doi.org/10.1002/pros.2990020310>
 
a month ago
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- [醋酸环丙孕酮]({{< ref "cyproterone" >}})（CPA，也称“色普龙”）
- [醋酸甲羟孕酮]({{< ref "medroxyprogesterone" >}})（MPA）
- [GnRH 类似物]({{< ref "#puberty-blockers" >}})，一般用于青春期阻断，详见下文
- 高剂量雌激素单药治疗，如[注射]({{< ref "injection" >}})，一般无需再加用其它抗雄药物
+ 以上可**减少雄激素合成、降低雄激素水平**。睾酮检查报告可直观反映其效果。注意在用药初期，睾酮下降需要数日方可完成[^45]，不宜操之过急。
- [螺内酯]({{< ref "spironolactone" >}}) {{< tag/neg "略不推荐" >}}
- [比卡鲁胺]({{< ref "bicalutamide" >}}) {{< tag/neg "不推荐常规应用" >}}
+ 以上可**作用于雄激素受体，直接阻断雄激素活动**。睾酮检查报告不能反映此类药物的效果。
 
a month ago
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| 参考指标 | ng/mL | nmol/L |
|-|-|-|
| 睾酮（绝经前女性） | 0.10 – 0.55 | 0.35 – 1.91 |
| 睾酮（男性） | 2.64 – 9.16 | 9.15 – 31.76 |
| 泌乳素（女性） | 4.79 – 23.3 | |
 
a month ago
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**检查结果该怎么看呢？** 重点观察**雌二醇和睾酮**；建议观察泌乳素（PRL），发现升高时密切随访，详情在[这里]({{< ref "monitoring" >}})可见；LH、FSH 仅建议在青春期阻断治疗期间观察；孕酮基本没有参考意义。下面是成年女性及男性的雌二醇和睾酮水平参考范围[^6]：
 
a month ago
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